{"id":10946,"date":"2019-07-22T15:17:26","date_gmt":"2019-07-22T19:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/?page_id=10946"},"modified":"2022-06-13T14:19:44","modified_gmt":"2022-06-13T18:19:44","slug":"metonymy-of-the-effect","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/?page_id=10946","title":{"rendered":"Metonymy Of The Effect"},"content":{"rendered":"

METONYMY; or, CHANGE OF NOUN.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 pg. 538<\/a>
\nThe change of one noun for another related noun<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nFrom \u201cFigures Of Speech Used In The Bible\u201d by E. W. Bullinger,
\n<\/i>(Public Domain) (pg. 538-539<\/span><\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0pages 560-567<\/a>
\nAdapted for website compatibility.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMe-ton-y-my. Sometimes pronounced\u00a0Met-o-nym-y<\/i>.
\nGreek \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, from\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u00a0 (meta), indicating\u00a0change<\/i>, and\u00a0 \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u00a0(onoma),\u00a0a name<\/i>; or, in grammar,\u00a0a noun<\/i>.
\n[See\u00a0A Greek-English Lexicon\u00a0by\u00a0Liddell, Henry George, 1811-1898<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0Scott, Robert, 1811-1887<\/a> ; \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u00a0pg. 946 G. VIII<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0\u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u00a0pg. 1056<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMetonymy is a figure by which one name or noun is used instead of another,
\nto which it stands in a certain relation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nThe change is in the noun,
\nand only in a verb as connected with the action proceeding from it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nThe names of persons are put by\u00a0Metonymy<\/i>\u00a0for something which stands in a
\nspecial relation to them. Thus we speak of \u201ca stanhope\u201d (carriage), from the
\nHon. Mr. Stanhope; \u201ca brougham,\u201d from Lord Brougham; \u201cboycotting,\u201d from
\nCapt. Boycott; a \u201cblanket,\u2019\u201d \u201cnegus,\u201d a \u201cspencer,\u201d a \u201cd\u2019oyley,\u201d\u00a0etc<\/i>.,
\nfrom the respective inventors.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nThus it will be seen that\u00a0Metonymy<\/i>\u00a0is not founded on resemblance, but on\u00a0relation<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nWhen we say that a person writes \u201ca bad hand,\u201d we do not mean a hand,
\nbut we use the noun \u201chand\u201d for the characters which it writes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMetonymy<\/i>\u00a0is of four kinds:\u00a0viz<\/i>., of the\u00a0Cause<\/i>, of the\u00a0Effect<\/i>, of the\u00a0Subject<\/i>, and of the\u00a0Adjunct<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nI. Metonymy of the\u00a0Cause<\/b><\/i><\/a>\u00a0is when the cause is put for the effect:
\ni.e<\/i>., when the doer is put for the thing done;
\nor, the instrument for that which is effected;
\nor, where the action is put for the effect produced by the action.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nII. Metonymy of the\u00a0Effect<\/b><\/i>\u00a0is the opposite of the above:
\nwhen the effect is put for the cause.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIII. Metonymy of the\u00a0Subject<\/b><\/i><\/a>\u00a0is when the subject is put for something pertaining to
\nit: as the possessor for the possessed; the thing signified for the sign.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIV. Metonymy of the\u00a0Adjunct<\/b><\/i><\/a>, on the contrary, is when that which pertains to
\nanything is put for the thing itself.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nSome grammarians have added a fifth Metonymy, where the antecedent is put for the
\nconsequent;
\nbut it really belongs to Metonymy of the Cause.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0pg. 539<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The following is the complete outline of the figure now to be\u00a0treated of: \u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMETONYMY<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

.\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 I. Of the\u00a0Cause<\/b><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n
\n.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 i. The\u00a0person<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0acting for\u00a0the thing done<\/em><\/strong>.
\n
\n.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ii. The\u00a0instrument<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0for\u00a0the thing effected<\/strong><\/em>.
\n
\n.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 iii. The\u00a0thing<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0action<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0for\u00a0the thing produced\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>by it.
\n
\n.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 iv. The material<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0for the\u00a0thing made<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0from or of it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

.\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0 II. Of the\u00a0Effect<\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0i. The action or effect for the person producing it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ii. The thing effected for the instrument or organic cause of it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0iii. The effect for the thing or action causing it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0iv. The thing made for the material from which it is made or produced.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nII. Metonymy of the EFFECT.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This is when the effect is put for the cause producing it. It is of four kinds:
\n.\u00a0 (i.) The action for the actor,
\n.(ii.) The thing for the organic cause of it.
\n(iii.) The effect for the producer of it.
\n(iv.) The matter made for the material cause of it. We will consider these in their order: \u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


\n.<\/span> i. The ACTION<\/strong> or the EFFECT<\/strong> for the person producing the effect, or for the author of it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


\n.<\/span> 1. NOUN’S.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gen. 25:23<\/a> \u201cTwo nations are in thy womb\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., two infants whose progeny should become two different nations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pg. 561<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nGen. 26:35<\/a> \u201cWhich were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the source of much sorrow to them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nGen. 49:18<\/a> \u201cI have waited for thy salvation
\n(i.e<\/i>., for Him who shall bring and work salvation), O Lord.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nNeh. 12:31, 38, 40<\/a> \u201cTwo great celebrations.\u201d The A.V. and R.V. have supplied the words implied by the Metonymy (the former in italics, the latter in Roman type),
\nby rendering \u201ctwo great companies of them that gave thanks.\u201d
\nThe effect of the praises or thanks, is put for the people who rendered them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 18:1<\/a> (2) \u201cI will love thee, O Jehovah my strength\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the author and source of my strength.
\nSo Psa. 22:19<\/a> (20); Jer. 16:19<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 27:1<\/a> \u201cThe Lord is my light and my salvation.\u201d
\nThis is not a Metaphor but a Metonymy:
\ni.e<\/i>., Jehovah is the source of my light, and the author of my salvation.
\nCompare Heb. 5:9<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 106:20<\/a> \u201cThus they changed their glory (i.e<\/i>., God) into the similitude of
\nan ox that eateth grass.\u201d
\nThe Massorah records this as one of the passages in which the Sopherim changed the pronoun \u201cmy\u201d into \u201ctheir\u201d. It was thought to be too gross an anthropomorphism to say \u201cmy\u201d, Jehovah being the speaker. See Appendix E<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 49:6<\/a> \u201cThat thou mayest be my salvation (i.e<\/i>., the Saviour whom I have sent)
\nunto the end of the earth.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJer. 23:6<\/a> \u201cJehovah our Righteousness\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the Author of our righteousness: our Justifier.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMark 9:17, 25<\/a> A dumb spirit.\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., a spirit which produced the effect of dumbness in the person possessed.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nLuke 2:30<\/a> \u201cMine eyes have seen thy salvation\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., Christ the Saviour: the Worker and Author of Salvation.
\nSo 3:6<\/a> and Isa. 49:6<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Luke 11:14<\/a> \u201cAnd he was casting out a devil, and it was dumb\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., it produced dumbness in the man possessed.
\nCompare Matt. 9:32, 33<\/a>; Mark 9:17, 25<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nLuke 13:11<\/a> \u201cAnd, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity.\u201d
\nThe negative \u03bc\u03ae<\/span><\/span><\/a> (mee<\/i>) implies that she felt unable to straighten herself up,*
\nand indicates some nervous disorder. So the Lord uses the remarkable language
\nabout Satan as binding her.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* The Greek of this is \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 (eis to panteles<\/i>),
\nwhich occurs only here\u00a0and Heb. 7:25<\/a>.
\nHere, to her full height<\/i>; there, to their full need<\/i>.
\n.<\/span> … .\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/span>pg. 562<\/a>
\nThis is not Enallage<\/i><\/a>, \u201can infirm spirit,\u201d but it is Metonymy, by which the effect is put for the cause. The woman was troubled by a spirit which caused or produced this infirmity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJohn 11:25<\/a> \u201cI am the resurrection and the life\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the Worker of resurrection, and the Giver of resurrection life.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 13:3<\/a> \u201cRulers are not a terror\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., a source of terror.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n2 Cor. 1:14<\/a> \u201cWe are your rejoicing (i.e<\/i>., cause of rejoicing), even as ye also are ours in the day of the Lord Jesus.\u201d
\nSo 1 Thess.2:19, 20<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRev. 1:12<\/a> \u201cAnd I turned to see the voice (i.e<\/i>., Him that spake with me.)
\nSo John 1:23<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

.<\/span> 2. VERBS.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gen. 42:38<\/a> \u201cShall ye bring down,\u201d etc.:
\n\u00a0i.e<\/i>., shall be the cause of my death. See under Periphrasis<\/i><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nGen. 43:6<\/a> \u201cWhy have ye done evil to me, to disclose to the man that ye had yet another brother ?\u201d
\ni.e<\/i>., why have you brought or caused all this evil to be brought upon me.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ex. 23:8<\/a> \u201cThe gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., is an occasion by which these effects are produced.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n1 Kings 18:9<\/a> \u201cWhat have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant
\n(i.e.<\/i>, cause to be delivered) into the hand of Ahab to slay me ?\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 76:10<\/a> (11) \u201cSurely the wrath of man shall praise thee\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., shall be the occasion of praise to thee.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 43:24<\/a> \u201cThou hast made me to serve with thy sins\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., thy sins have caused the hard service and Passion
\nwhich I endured\u00a0on account of them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJer. 38:23<\/a> \u201cThou shall burn this city with fire\u201d:
\ni.e.<\/i>, thou shalt cause<\/a> it to be burnt. See A.V. margin<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nEze. 19:7<\/a> \u201cHe laid waste their cities\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., their sins caused them to be destroyed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nActs 1:18<\/a> \u201cNow this man purchased
\n(i.e<\/i>., caused to be purchased) a field.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 14:15<\/a> \u201cDestroy not him with thy meat for whom Christ died\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., do not be a cause of destruction.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/span><\/span> … .\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>pg.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> 563<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

1 Cor. 7:16<\/a> \u201cFor what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save
\n(i.e<\/i>., be the means of salvation or the occasion of much blessing to)
\nthy husband?\u201d etc<\/i>.
\nSee 1 Pet. 3:1<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


\n.<\/span><\/span><\/span> ii. The THING EFFECTED by an instrument
\n.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0for the instrument or organic cause of it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nGen. 49:6<\/a> Lit., \u201cMy soul (i.e<\/i>., myself, I) will not come into their secret (counsel),
\nmine honour shall not be with them in their assembly.\u201d Here, \u201chonour\u201d is put for the tongue which gives it; and it means that he would not honour them by speaking or taking part in their assembly.
\nCompare Psa. 57:8<\/a>, and 107:1<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nDeut. 24:6<\/a> \u201cNo man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge:
\nfor he taketh a man’s<\/i> life to pledge.\u201d
\nHere \u201clife,\u201d the effect, is put for the means of livelihood by which the life is preserved.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 7:5<\/a> (6) \u201cLet him . . . lay mine honour in the dust\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., myself who gives honour.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 16:9<\/a> \u201cTherefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., my tongue gives glory, as is explained in Acts 2:26<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 30:12<\/a> (13) \u201cTo the end that my glory may sing praise to thee and not be silent.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Here, the word \u201cglory\u201d may be put for the tongue which gives it: but the structure of the Psalm suggests another explanation of the Metonymy. This verse corresponds,
\nin the structure, with verse 4: \u201cSing to Jehovah, O ye saints of His.\u201d
\nCompare 2 Cor. 8:23<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

So that verse 12 would be \u201cTo the end that Thy saints may sing praise to Thee\u201d:
\n\u201cglory\u201d being put for the saints who give the glory.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 57:8\u00a0<\/a>(9) \u201cAwake up, my glory\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., my tongue, wake up and glorify God.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nProv. 27:27<\/a> \u201cAnd thou shalt have goats’ milk enough for thy food, for the food of thy household, and for the life (marg.) of thy maidens\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., as the A.V. renders it, \u201cfor the maintenance of thy maidens.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nMark 12:44<\/a> \u201cShe of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living<\/a> (or life)\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., all her means of supporting herself in life.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nLuke 15:12<\/a> \u201cAnd he divided unto them his living (or life)\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., his means or property, by which life is sustained.
\nSo Mark 12:44<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pg. <\/a><\/span>564<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Acts 17:31<\/a>\u00a0 Lit., \u201cWhereof he hath given faith to all men.\u201d
\nHere faith, the effect, is put for the proofs or evidence on which it rests.
\n\u201cWhereof He hath afforded evidence unto all men\u201d: and then the evidence or proof is stated, \u201cin that he hath raised him from the dead.\u201d The A.V. and R.V. well render it \u201chath given assurance\u201d. The Resurrection of Christ is the evidence God affords of His purpose to judge the world by Him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 1:16<\/a> \u201cFor it (the gospel<\/i>) is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the belief is the effect of the power of God through the preaching of the gospel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n1 John 5:4<\/a> \u201cThis is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.\u201d
\n\u201cVictory,\u201d the effect, is put for \u201cour faith,\u201d which accomplishes it.
\nFrom Eph. 6:16<\/a> we learn that it is through Christ; who is the shield which faith uses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n.<\/span> iii. The EFFECT for the thing or action causing or producing it<\/i>.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n.<\/span> (a.) in NOUNS.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ex. 10:17<\/a> \u201cIntreat Lord your God, that he may take away from me this death only\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., this plague which is causing death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nDeut. 30:15<\/a> \u201cI have set before thee this day life and good, and death and evil\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., good things which end in life, and evil things which end in death.
\nSo in Deut. 32:47<\/a>, and Jer. 21:8<\/a>, etc<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n2 Kings 4:40<\/a> \u201cThere is death in the pot\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., there is that which produces death as the effect of eating it.
\nHow forcible is this Metonymy, by the use of which time is saved, and perhaps life too.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nProv. 10:2<\/a> \u201cRighteousness delivereth from death\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., from the things that end in death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nProv. 19:13<\/a> \u201cA foolish son is the calamity of his father\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., does that which brings or produces calamity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nProv. 20:1<\/a> \u201cWine is a mocker, strong drink is raging.\u201d
\nHere, wine, etc<\/i>., is put for its effects. It brings him who drinks to excess into derision, and causes tumults.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nEcc. 11:1<\/a> \u201cCast thy bread (i.e<\/i>., the seed which produces it) upon the waters.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Isa. 28:12<\/a> \u201cThis is the rest\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., this is what gives rest.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJer. 3:24<\/a> \u201cFor shame hath devoured the labour of our fathers\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>. the worship of Baal, which brought upon them shame and sorrow.
\nShame is put for an idol or for idolatry in Jer. 11:13<\/a>\u00a0(see margin). Hos. 9:10<\/a>;
\nSee also Jer. 48:13<\/a>, etc<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>pg. <\/a>565<\/a>
\n
\nLam. 2:14<\/a> \u201cThy prophets have seen vain things for thee and expulsions\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the things which led to expulsion from the land and captivity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nEze. 44:18<\/a> \u201cThey shall not gird themselves with sweat <\/a>\u201c:
\ni.e<\/i>., as in A.V., with anything that causeth sweat.
\nThe effect \u201csweat\u201d being put for the garments which cause it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nHos. 4:18<\/a> \u201cTheir drink is rebellious, or turned aside\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., has caused them to turn aside from God.
\nThrough not seeing the Metonymy, the translators try to\u00a0find other meanings for \u05e1\u05b8\u05e8<\/span><\/span><\/a> (see text and margin). The verse refers to Isa. 28:1<\/a> and 5:11<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria?
\nAnd what are the high places of Judah? Are they not Jerusalem?\u201d
\ni.e<\/i>., Samaria and Jerusalem were the cause of the transgression of Israel:
\n\u201cWhat is the cause of Jacob’s trangression?\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nHab. 2:5<\/a> \u201cYea, also because the wine transgresseth\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the effects of the wine was transgression; or,
\n\u201cYea, so surely as wine causeth trangression.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJohn 3:19<\/a> \u201cAnd this is the judgment\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the cause of which judgment or condemnation was the effect: viz<\/i>.,
\n\u201cthat light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light,\u201d etc<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJohn 12:50<\/a> \u201cAnd I know that his commandment is life everlasting\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the effect of it is eternal life.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nJohn 17:3<\/a> \u201cThis is life eternal\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the effect of it is life eternal.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 6:6<\/a> \u201cThe body of sin\u201d is more than \u201csinful body.\u201d
\nIt is more than mere character. The effect is put for the cause; which is the old nature, that, through the body, works out sin; and sin is the effect; which is thus used, here and in other parts of this epistle (chap. 5:12-8:39), for the old nature itself. Whereas, in chaps., 1:16-5:11, we have \u201csins,\u201d as the product of the old nature, and the fruit of the old tree, we have, in 5:11-8:39, \u201csin,\u201d or the old nature, which causes and commits the \u201csins\u201d; and the old tree itself which produces the fruits.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 7:7<\/a> \u201cIs the law sin? (i.e<\/i>., Is sin the effect of the law?) God forbid. But yet<\/i> I knew not sin except through the law! “<\/span>
\n
\nThere is no \u201cnay<\/i>\u201d in the Greek. The word \u201cbut\u201d brings out the meaning: \u201cGod forbid that sin should be the effect of the law. But nevertheless.\u201d So it is.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 7:24<\/a> \u201cThe body of this death\u201d; or, by Hypallage<\/i><\/a> (q.v<\/i>.), as in A.V. margin, \u201cthis body of death\u201d:
\nin which case, of *death\u201d is either, by Enallage<\/i>, put for the adjective \u201cdying\u201d, or it may be the Metonymy<\/i> of the effect, and the result \u201cdeath\u201d put for the cause \u2014 viz<\/i>., all that leads up to, and ends in, death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

.… .\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>*<\/span>pg. 566<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRom. 8:6<\/a> \u201cTo be carnally minded is death (i.e<\/i>., the cause of death), but to be spiritually minded is life and peace (i.e<\/i>., ends in life and peace or peaceful life).\u201d
\nSo verse 10.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n1 Cor. 12:6<\/a> \u201cAnd there are diversities of operations\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., of faculties and gifts effected by the Divine operations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n1 Cor. 14:3<\/a> \u201cHe that prophesieth speaketh unto men edification, and exhortation, and comfort\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., words which build up, exhort, and comfort.
\nThe A.V. obtains this meaning by supplying the word \u201cto.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n2 Cor. 1:10<\/a> \u201cWho delivered us from so great a death\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., from the persecution or trouble which threatened to kill them, and end\u00a0in death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n2 Cor. 11:23<\/a> \u201cIn deaths oft.\u201d This cannot, of course, mean that he had died more than once;
\nbut that he had often been at death’s door, and in troubles which cause or bring about death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPhil. 1:13<\/a> \u201cMy bonds in Christ are manifest in all the palace\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the effect of his preaching made it manifest that his bonds were on account of his service for Christ, and not for any crimes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nHeb. 6:1<\/a> \u201cDead works\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., works wrought by the Old nature.
\nSo 9:14<\/a>, according to Rom. 6:23<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nRev. 6:8<\/a> \u201cAnd power was given unto them … to kill with the sword, and with hunger, and with death\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., with pestilence which produced death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n.<\/span> (b) In VERBS.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 25:2<\/a> \u201cO my God, I trust in thee: let me not be ashamed, let not mine enemies triumph over me\u201d (and thus be a cause of my being put to shame).
\nSo verse 20<\/a>; Psa. 31:1<\/a> (2); 119:116<\/a>, etc<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 70:4<\/a> (5) \u201cLet them rejoice and be glad in Thee, all that seek thee\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., let there be a cause of rejoicing and gladness to all seeking thee.
\nThrough not seeing the Metonymy the A.V. and R.V. render it:
\n“Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee.\u201d
\nThe cause and effect are joined together in Psa. 5:11<\/a> (12), 12 (13).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 28:16<\/a> \u201cHe that believeth shall not make haste.\u201d
\nHere, hastening away or flight is put as the effect for the confusion and shame which is the cause of it. See Rom. 9:33<\/a>; 10:11<\/a>. *1 Pet. 2:6<\/a>, where the cause is put. The sense is that he that believeth will have no need of hurried flight, he will wait God’s time.
\n… .\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*pg. 567<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

. <\/span><\/span><\/span> iv. The THING MADE, for the material from which it is made or produced.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nPsa. 74:15<\/a> \u201cThou didst cleave the fountain and the flood\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the rock from which the fountain flowed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 28:28<\/a> \u201cBread is bruised\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., the corn of which it is made. The A.V. supplies \u201c<\/span><\/span>corn<\/i><\/span>\u201d.
\nThe sense is clear from verse 27 and Job. 28:5<\/a>.
\nIn Psa. 104:14<\/a>, we have the opposite of this in the Metonymy of the cause.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 33:12<\/a> \u201cAnd the people shall be as the burnings of lime\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., as fuel for lime-kilns.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nIsa. 47:2<\/a> \u201cTake the millstones and grind meal\u201d:
\ni.e<\/i>., grind corn, from which meal is made.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Italicized<\/i>\u00a0<\/i>words in [brackets<\/span>] were added by the King James Version translators.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nReferences:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for bios <\/i>(Strong’s 979)”.
\nBlue Letter Bible. 1996-2019. 21 Jul 2019.
\n< http:\/\/ www.blbclassic.org\/lang\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G979&
\namp;t=KJV ><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for yeza` (Strong’s 3154)”.
\nBlue Letter Bible. 1996-2019. 22 Jul 2019.
\n< http:\/\/ www.blbclassic.org\/lang\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H3154&amp;t=KJV ><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for\u00a0cuwr <\/i>(Strong’s 5493).
\nBlue Letter Bible. 1996-2019. 22 Jul 2019.
\n< http:\/\/ www.blbclassic.org\/lang\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H5493&
\namp;t=KJV ><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nThanks go to\u00a0Blue Letter Bible<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Internet Archive<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0The Cornell University Library<\/a> for providing public domain material.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nFrom \u201cFigures Of Speech Used In The Bible\u201d by E. W. Bullinger,
\n(Public Domain) pages\u00a0560<\/a>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0567<\/a>. Adapted for website compatibility.
\nSee original at link.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Stream<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Download<\/a>.
\n.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nfiguresofspeechinthebible.net\u00a0\u00a9\u00a02013-2019; 2022. All rights reserved. Material in public domain may be freely copied and distributed without charge for educational, non-commercial purposes. This website, and those referenced by this site as sources of public domain material, are to be referenced. Material that is not in public domain, and indicated as such, is the property of its rightful owner(s), and\/or originator.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

METONYMY; or, CHANGE OF NOUN.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 pg. 538 The change of one noun for another […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10981,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10946","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10946"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15696,"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10946\/revisions\/15696"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/figuresofspeechinthebible.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}