Rom 5:1-21   KJV


1 Therefore being justified by faith, we have peaceS with God through our Lord Jesus Christ:
(Heterosis 514; SynecdocheS 628)


2 By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we standH ,
and rejoice in hope of the gloryA of God.
(AntimereiaA 505; HeterosisH 518)


3 And not only [so],E but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that Ctribulation worketh patience;
(EllipsisE 102; Climax 258 verses 3-5 C→…← C)


4 And patience, experience; and experience, hope:
(Climax 258 verses 3-5 C→…← C)


5 And hopeC maketh not ashamed;
because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.
(Tapeinosis 163; Climax 258 verses 3-5 C→…← C; 890)


6 For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.
(Tapeinosis 160)


7 For scarcely for a righteous man will one die:
yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.


8 But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
(Hyperbaton 696)


9 Much more then, being now justified by his bloodM , we shall be saved from wrath through him.
(MetalepsisM 610)


10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the deathS of his Son, much more,
being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
(SynecdocheS 651)


11 And not only [so],E but we also joy in GodE through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.
(EllipsisE 102)


12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:
(see page 723 and notes section)


13 (For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law.


14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.


15 But not as the offence, so also [is] the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, [which is] by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.


16 And not asE [it was] by one that sinned, [so is] the gift: for the judgment [was] by oneE to condemnation, but the free gift [is] of many offences unto justification.
(EllipsisE 108; 111 see notes)


17 For if by one man’s offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of graceA&H and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.)
(AntiptosisA 507; HypallageH 536)


18 Therefore as by the offenceA1 of one [judgment came] upon all men to condemnationA2; even so by the A1 righteousness of one the [ the free gift came] upon all men unto A2 justification of Gc life.
(AntithesisA1 & A2 716; Genitive caseGc992)


19 For as by one man’s disobedienceP&A many were made sinners, so by the obedienceP&A of one shall many be made righteous.
(ParegmenonP 305
AntithesisA716)


20 Moreover the lawA entered, that the offence might abound.
But where sin abounded, graceA did much more abound:
(AntithesisA)


21 That as sin hath reigned unto deathA, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal lifeA by Jesus Christ our Lord.
(AntithesisA)

 

Italicized words in [brackets] were added by the King James Version translators.


Notes:


Verse 1 Heterosis:
Dr. Bullinger mentions Dr. Henry Alford’s “Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary”.
Dr. Alford’s view is that the χομεν, we have, (verb: present tense; active voice; indicative mood) should be χωμεν, let us have, (imperative mood), which then would make it like a command.
A problem with this is that according to BibleHub.com,
χωμεν is only used four times in the New Testament, and each time it is present tense; active voice; subjunctive mood. None of the four is Rom. 5:1, and none is in the imperitive mood.


According to BlueLetterBible.org, “
The subjunctive mood is the mood of possibility and potentiality. The action described may or may not occur, depending upon circumstances.
(see Tense to the right of ἔχω echō )


Whether Romans 5:1 should read
χομεν, as it does, or χωμεν, both fit depending upon perspective, in that what we “ have” and what we “ manifest” often do not align with each other. We HAVE peace because of the grace of God and the work of Jesus Christ, therefore we must MANIFEST that peace!


Synecdoche
: “peace” means all spiritual blessings, thereby resulting in peace with God (Eph. 1:3). Synecdoche of the species is like a part for the whole. Peace certainly is a spiritual blessing in and of itself, but we can have it by divine favor due to all that Jesus Christ accomplished for us.
Verse 11 Ellipsis (of repetition: preceeding connected words): on page 102
Dr. Bullinger translates as follows…
“And not only [are we saved from wrath through him], but we also joy in God [as our God] through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we now have received the reconciliation.


Verse 2 Antimereia: “…rejoice in hope of the glory of God.” “ ελπιδι της δοξης του θεου ”.
Both hope and glory are nouns. Dr. Bullinger inverts their order, using the noun glory as an adjective, which then would read… “God’s glorious hope”.
Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for elpis (Strong’s 1680)“.
Blue Letter Bible. 1996-2018. 18 May 2018.
< http:// www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G1680&amp;t=KJV >

Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for doxa (Strong’s 1391)“.
Blue Letter Bible. 1996-2018. 18 May 2018.
< http:// www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G1391&amp;t=KJV >


Verse 3 Ellipsis (repetition: of preceding connected words):
Dr. Bullinger’s translation… “and not only do we [rejoice in hope of the glory of God],
but we glory also in tribulations”.


Verses 3, 4 and 5 contain the figure Climax, which is here the figure Anadiplosis repeated. Both Climax and Anadiplosis are figures of  grammatical repetition. However, Climax may use the figures Anabasis or Catabasis instead of Anadiplosis, and may then be a figure of Rhetoric rather than grammar.


When a phrase, clause, or sentence begins with the same word that the previous phrase, clause, or sentence ended with, this is the figure Anadiplosis. Anadiplosis ties two ideas to each other, making them grammatically inseparable.


Verse 6 Tapeinosis: σθενν, asthenōn, means weak or sick. We were dead in sin, not weak or sick. Tapeinosis lessens something in order to INCREASE it.


Verse 8 Hyperbaton: when the standard or normal word order is intentionally not followed to call special attention to what is said. The Greek text has…
συνιστησιν δε την εαυτου αγαπην εις ημας ο θεος…” which in English reads
“but commends his own love to us God…”
See page 696 for further study.
See biblehub.com for parsing.
http://www.blbclassic.org/Bible.cfm?b=Rom&c=5&v=1&t=KJV#conc/8


Verse 9 Metalepsis: the word “blood” is used, and by association means Jesus’ death; this is the figure Metonymy. From this Metonymy springs another Metonymy, meaning the atonement and everything Christ’s death and resurrection accomplished.


Verse 10 Synecdoche: death was only a part of the whole (death and resurrection).


Verse 11 Ellipsis: “And not only [are we saved from wrath through him], but we also joy in God [as our God] through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the reconciliation”. See page 102.


Verse 12 Anacoluthon: a breaking off or away before a thought is completed. On page 723 Dr. Bullinger gives the structure analysis of verses 12-21. Verse 12 is not Anacoluthon, because what seems to drop off is picked up again in verse 18 as follows… “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned…Therefore as by the offence of one [judgment came] upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one [ the free gift came] upon all men unto justification of life.


Verse 16 Ellipsis (of repetition: complex, of single words): on page 111
Dr. Bullinger translates as follows…
“And not, as [the judgement came] by one that sinned, [does] the free gift [come by one who was righteous]: for the judgement [was death] after one [offence] to condemnation, but the free gift [is pardon] after many offences unto justification;”


Verse 17 Antiptosis: see page 507.


Hypallage: see page 536.


Verse 18 Antithesis: setting two thoughts in contrast to each other.


Genitive of Origin and Efficient Cause. “justification which gives life”.


Verse 19 Paregmenon: παρακος, parakoees; disobedience.
(παρκο): unwillingness to hear, disobedience, contumacy.
πακος, hupakoees; obedience.
See also “A Greek English Lexicon” by Liddell, Henry George, 1811-1898;
Scott, Robert, 1811-1887 ; page 1132 and page 1603.
Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for parakoē (Strong’s 3876)“.
Blue Letter Bible. 1996-2018. 25 May 2018.
Paregmenon: words with different meanings, but derived from the same root, intentionally used together.
< http:// www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3876&amp;t=KJV >


Blue Letter Bible. “Dictionary and Word Search for hypakoē (Strong’s 5218)“.
Blue Letter Bible. 1996-2018. 25 May 2018.
< http:// www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G5218&amp;t=KJV >

Thanks go to Blue Letter Bible
and Internet Archive and The Cornell University Library for providing public domain material.

Thanks also to E. W. Bullinger for his work
Figures Of Speech Used In The Bible,
and thanks to you for taking the time here.

See original at link.      Stream           Download.

figuresofspeechinthebible.net © 2013-2018. All rights reserved. Material in public domain may be freely copied and distributed without charge for educational, non-commercial purposes. This website, and those referenced by this site as sources of public domain material, are to be referenced. Material that is not in public domain, and indicated as such, is the property of its rightful owner(s), and/or originator.