. SECOND DIVISION
.
. FIGURES INVOLVING ADDITION
.
.. I. AFFECTING WORDS
.
. 1. Repetition of Letters and Syllables.
…..
…..
…… (a) Of the same Letters.
HOMŒOPROPHERON: or, Alliteration.
.Successive words beginning with the same letters or syllables. 171
HOMŒOTELEUTON: or, Like Endings.
.Successive words ending with the same letters or syllables. 176
HOMŒOPTOTON: or, Like Inflections.
.Successive words ending with the same inflections. 177
PAROMŒOSIS: or, Like-Sounding Inflections.
.The repetition of inflections similar in sound. (PAROMŒON). 178
…. . (b) Of different Letters.
ACROSTICHION: or, Acrostic.
.Repetition of the same or successive letters at the commencement of words
.or phrases. (PARASTICHIS). 180
. .2. The Repetition of the Same Word.
… .(a) In the same Sense.
EPIZEUXIS: or, Duplication. 189
.Repetition of the same word in the same sense.
.(GEMINATIO, ITERATIO, CONDUPLICATIO, SUBJUNCTIO).
ANAPHORA: or, Like Sentence Beginnings.
.Repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive sentences. 199
EPANALEPSIS: or, Resumption.
.Repetition of the same word after a parenthesis.
–(RESUMPTIO, APOSTASIS). 206
POLYSYNDETON: or, Many-Ands.
.Repetition of conjunction “and.” The enumeration of things,
.using a conjunction with each. (POLYSYNTHETON). 208
PARADIASTOLE: or, Neithers and Nors.
.The repetition of disjunctives. 238
EPISTROPHE: or, Like Sentence-Endings.
.The repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive sentences.
–(ANTISTROPHE, EPIPHORA, CONVERSIO). 241
EPIPHOZA: or, Epistrophe in Argument. 244
EPANADIPLOSIS: or, Encircling. 245
.The repetition of the same word or words at the beginning
.and end of a sentence.
EPADIPLOSIS: or, Repeated Epanadiplosis. 250
ANADIPLOSIS: or, Like Sentence-Endings and Beginnings. 251
–(EPANASTROPHE, PALILLOGIA, REVERSIO,REDUPLICATIO).
CLIMAX: or, Gradation. Repeated Anadiplosis. 256
MESARCHIA: or, Beginning and Middle Repetition.
.The repetition of the same word at the beginning and in the middle
.of a sentence. 260
MESODIPLOSIS: or, Middle Repetition.
.The repetition of the same word in the middle of successive sentences.
–(MESOPHONIA). 261
MESOTELEUTON: or, Middle and End Repetition. 262
.The repetition of the same word in the middle and at the end of a sentence.
REPETITIO: or, Repetition. 263
.The repetition of the same word or words irregularly in the same passage.
POLYPTOTON: or, Many Inflections.
.The repetition of the same noun or verb, etc., in different declensions
.and conjugations.(METAGOGE, CASUUM VARIETAS) 267
. I. Verbs.
. 1. Verbs repeated in different moods and tenses. 268
.
. 2. Verbs with their imperatives or participles.
. (HOMOGENE):
. (a) In strong affirmation. 272
. . (b) In strong negation. 274
.
. 3. Verbs with cognate noun. 275
.
. 4. Verbs with other parts of speech. 280
. II. Nouns and Pronouns:
. 1. Nouns repeated in different cases. 281
.
. 2. Nouns repeated in different Numbers. 282
. (a) In singular and plural. 282
. (b) In singular and dependent Genitive plural. 283
. III. Adjectives.
.
.
.. (b) In a different sense.
ANTANACLASIS: or, Word-Clashing, and PLOCE: or, Word-Folding.
.The repetition of the same word in the same sentence with different meanings.
–(ANACLASIS, ANTISTASIS, DIALOGIA, REFRACTIO) 286
SYNŒCEIOSIS: or, Cohabitation.
.The repetition of the same word in the same sentence
.with an extended meaning. (CO-HABITATIO). 294
SYLLEPSIS: or, Combination.
.The repetition of the sense without the actual repetition of the word.
. (SYNESIS, SYNTHESIS). 296
. 3. The Repetition of Different Words.
…..
…… (a) In a similar order (but same sense).
SYMPLOCE: or, Intertwining.
.The repetition of different words in successive sentences,
..in the same order and same sense (COMPLEXIO, COMPLICATIO). 297
.
.
. ….. (b) In a different order (but same sense).
EPANODOS: or, Inversion.
.The repetition of different words in a sentence,
..in an inverse order (but same sense) (REGRESSIO, INVERSIO). 299
ANTIMETABOLE: or, Counterchange.
“Epanodos with contrast or opposition,
–(DIALLELON, METATHESIS, COMMUTATIO). 301
…… (c) Similar in sound, but different in sense.
PAREGMENON: or, Derivation.
.The repetition of words derived from the same root: similar in sound,
. but different in sense (DERIVATIO). 304
PARONOMASIA: or, Rhyming Words.
.The repetition of words similar in sound, but not necessarily in sense or origin
– (ANNOMINATIO, AGNOMINATIO). 307
PARECHESIS: or, Foreign Paronomasia.
.The repetition of words similar in sound, but different in language. 321
….. d) Different in sound, but similar in sense.
SYNONYMIA: or, Synonymous Words.
.The repetition of words different in sound and origin, but similar in meaning. 324
REPEATED NEGATION: or, Many Noes. 339
.The repetition of two or more negatives (Greek) for the sake of emphasis.
. 4. The Repetition of Sentences and Phrases.
CYCLOIDES: or, Circular Repetition.
.The repetition of the same phrase at regular intervals. 342
AMŒBÆON: or, Refrain. 343
.The repetition of the same phrase at the end of successive paragraphs.
.
CŒNOTES: or, Combined Repetition.
.The repetition of two different phrases: one at the beginning and the other
.at the end of successive paragraphs (COMPLEXIO). 345
.
EPIBOLE: or, Overlaid Repetition.
.The repetition of the same phrase at irregular intervals. 346
SYNANTESIS: or, Introverted Repetition.
.The repetition of the same sentence or phrase in an inverse order. 348
. 5. The Repetition of Subjects.
PARALLELISM: or, Parallel Lines.
.The repetition of the same or opposite subject in sucessive lines. 349
. I. Simple. 350
.
. 1. Synonymous or Gradational. 350
.
. 2. Antithetic or Opposite. 351.
.
. 3. Synthetic or Constructive. 351.
. II. Complex. 351
.
. 1. Alternate. Two lines repeated only once (four lines in all). 351
..
. 2. Repeated Alternation. Two lines repeated more than once. 355
.
. 3. Extended Alternation. Three or more lines repeated. 355
.
. 4. Introverted. 356
.
CORRESPONDENCE. The repetition of various subjects in successive
..paragraphs. 363
. I. Alternate. 365
. 1. Simple. Two series of two members. 365
.
. 2. Extended. Two series of several members. 368
.
. 3. Repeated. More than two members.
.
. (a) of two members each. 372
. (b) of more than two members each. 373
. II. Introverted.
. (CHIASMOS, CHIASTON, DECUSSATA ORATIO, ALLELOUCHIA). 374
. III. Complex: or, Combined.
. A combination of Alternate and Introverted Correspondence. 379
. . II. AFFECTING THE SENSE
. .. (Figures of Rhetoric).
.. 1. REPETITIO
. By way of Repetition.
PROSAPODOSIS: or, Detailing. 394
.A repetition in detail (REDITIO, REDDITIO, DISJUNCTIO, DIEZEUGMENON).
EPIDIEGESIS: or, ReStatement.
.A repetition in order to re-state in full. 397
.
EPEXEGESIS: or, Fuller-Explaining.
.A repetition in order to explain more fully.
–(EXEGESIS, ECPHRASIS, EPICHREMA). 398
.
EXERGASIA: or, Working-Out.
.A repetition in order to work out and illustrate what has been already said.
–(EPEXERGASIA, EXPOUTIO). 399
EPIMONE: or, Lingering.
.A repetition in order to dwell upon a subject for the sake of emphasizing it.
–(COMMORATIO). 401
.
HERMENEIA: or, Interpretation.
.A repetition for the purpose of interpreting what has been already said.
– (INTERPRETATIO). 402
.
.
BATTOLOGIA: or, Vain Repetition. 404
.
.
. 2. AMPLIFICATIO
. By way of Addition or Amplification.
PLEONASM: or, Redundancy.
.When more words are used than the Grammar requires. 405
……….I. Words.
.
……………1. Certain idiomatic words. 406
.
……………2. Other words. 414
.
.
……….II. Sentences.
.
……………1. Affirmative. 415
.
……………2. Negative. 416
PERIPHRASIS: or, Circumlocution.
.When a description is used instead of the name.
. (CIRCUMLOCUTIO, CIRCUITIO). 419
HYPERBOLE: or, Exaggeration.
.When more is said than is literally meant.
.(EPAUXESIS, HYPEROCHE, HYPERTHESIS, SUPERLATIO) 423
ANABASIS: or, Gradual Ascent.
.An increase of sense in successive sentences.
.(INCREMENTUM, AUXESIS, ANAGOGE). 429
.
CATABASIS: or, Gradual Descent.
.The opposite of Anabasis (DECREMENTUM). 432
MERISMOS: or, Distribution. 435
.An enumeration of the parts of a whole which has been mentioned.
.(EPIMERISMOS, DIALLAGE, DISTRIBUTIO, DISCRIMINATIO, DIGESTIO).
.
.
SYNATHRŒSMOS: or, Enumeration. 436
.The enumeration of the parts of a whole which has not been mentioned.
.(APARITHMESIS, ENUMERATIO, CONGERIES, SYRAIOS, EIRMOS).
.
.
EPITROCHASMOS: or, Summarising.
.A running lightly over by way of summary (PERCURSIO). 438
.
.
DIEXODOS: or, Expansion.
.A lenghtening out by copious exposition of facts. 439
.
.
EPITHETON: or, Epithet.
.The naming of a thing by defining it (APPOSITUM). 440
.
.
SYNTHETON: or, Combination.
.The placing together of two words by usage. 442
.
.
HORISMOS: or, Definition.
.A definition of terms (DEFINITIO). 443
..
..
. 3. Descriptio.
. By way of Description.
.
.
HYPOTYPOSIS: or, Word-Picture.
.Visible representation of objects or actions by words.
..(REPRÆSENTATIO, ADUMBRATIO, DIATYPOSIS,
….ENARGEIA, PHANTASIA, ICON, EICASIA, IMAGO). 444
PROSOPOGRAPHIA: or, Description of Persons.
.(PERSONS DESCRIPTIO). 446
.
.
EFFICTIO: or, Word-Portrait. 447
.
.
CHARACTERISMOS: or, Description of Character. 448
.
.
ETHOPŒIA: or, Description of Manners.
.(NOTATIO, MORUM EXPRESSIO). 449
.
.
PATHOPŒIA: or, Description of Feelings. 450
.
.
MIMESIS: or, Description of Sayings.
.(IMITATIO). 451
.
.
PRAGMATOGRAPHIA: or, Description of Actions.
.(REI AUT ACTIONIS DESCRIPTIO). 452
.
.
TOPOGRAPHEIA: or, Description of Place.
.(LOCI DESCRIPTIO). 453
.
.
CHRONOGRAPHIA: or, Description of Time.
.(TEMPORIS DESCRIPTIO). 455
.
.
PERISTASIS: or, Description of Circumstances.
.(CIRCUMSTANTIÆ DESCRIPTIO, DIASKUE). 456
.
.
PROTIMESIS: or, Description of Order. 457
.
.
.
. 4. CONCLUSIO.
. By way of Conclusion.
.
.
.
.
EPICRISIS: or, Judgment.
.The addition of conclusion by way of deduction. 459
.
.
EPITASIS: or, Amplification.
.The addition of conclusion by way of emphasis. 462
.
.
ANESIS: or, Abating.
.The addition of conclusion by way of lessening the effect. 463
.
.
EPIPHONEMA: or, Exclamation.
.The addition of conclusion by way of exclamation. 464
.
.
PROECTHESIS: or, Justification.
.The addition of conclusion by way of justification. 465
.
.
EPITHERAPEIA: or, Qualification.
.The addition of conclusion by way of modification. 466
.
.
EXEMPLUM: or, Example.
.The addition of conclusion by way of example. 467
.
.
SYMPERASMA: or, Concluding Summary.
.The addition of conclusion by way of a brief summary.
.(ATHRŒSMOS). 468
.
.
.
. 5. Interpositio.
. By way of Interposition.
.
PARENTHESIS: Parenthesis.
.Parenthetic addition by way of explanation: complete in itself. 470
.
.
EPITRECHON: or, Running Along.
.Parenthetic addition by way of statement thrown in: not complete in itself
.(SUBCONTINUATIO). 472
.
.
CATAPLOCE: or, Sudden Exclamation.
.Parenthetic addition by way of exclamation. 475
.
.
PAREMBOLE: or, Insertion.
.Parenthetic independent addition. 476
.
.
INTERJECTIO: or, Interjection.
.Parenthetic addition by way of feeling. 478
.
.
EJACULATIO: or, Ejaculation.
.Parenthetic addition by way of wish or prayer. 479
.
.
HYPOTIMESIS: or, Under-Estimating.
.Parenthetic addition by way of apology or excuse (MEILIGMATA). 480
.
.
ANÆRESIS: or, Detraction.
.Parenthetic addition by way of detraction (Parenthetic Tapeinosis). 481
.
.
.
. 6. Ratiocinatio.
. By way of Reasoning.
.
.
.
PARADIEGESIS: or, A Bye-Leading.
.Addition of outside facts by way of Reasoning. 482
.
.
SUSTENTATIO: or, Suspense. 483
.Addition, suspending the conclusion, by way of Reasoning (EXARTESIS).
.
.
PARALEIPSIS: or, A Passing-By.
.Addition (brief) of what is professedly ignored.
.(PARASIOPESIS, PRÆTERMISSIO, PRÆTERITIO). 484
.
.
PROSLEPSIS: or, Assumption.
.Addition (full) of what is professed to be ignored.
.(ASSUMPTIO, CIRCUMDUCTIO). 485
.
.
APOPHASIS: or, Insinuation.
.Addition of insinuation (implied) by way of Reasoning. 486
.
.
CATAPHASIS: or, Affirmation.
.Addition of insinuation (stated) by way of Reasoning. 487
.
.
ASTEISMOS: or, Politeness. 488
.Addition by graceful disclosure of what is professedly concealed.
.
.
From “Figures Of Speech Used In The Bible” by E. W. Bullinger,
(Public Domain) pages XIX-XLVI. Amended for website compatibility. See original at link.
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